La Biblioteca di un 'principe umanista' Federico da Montefeltro e i suoi manoscritti [di M.G. Critelli]

Struzzo

È probabilmente l’impresa più antica utilizzata da Federico, nonché uno dei principali emblemi della famiglia, già presente sul coperchio del sarcofago del conte Antonio da Montefeltro (1348-1404; cfr. Nardini, Le imprese, pp. 8-9; Lombardi, I simboli, p. 138).

Lo struzzo ha solitamente nel becco un cartiglio con iscritto il motto I can verdait en crocisen (anche nelle varianti ich anvor dait en crocisem o ih anvorda an crucisem), in falso tedesco antico o piuttosto in una mescolanza ortograficamente errata di antico tedesco e antico inglese, verosimilmente riconducibile alla frase Ich kann verdauen ein grosses eisen, ovvero io posso ingoiare un grosso ferro, quindi digerirlo. Nell’arcano motto si è voluta vedere un’allusione alla pazienza di Antonio da Montefeltro, che, dopo un lungo esilio, riesce a riconquistare la signoria feltresca (1377) dei suoi predecessori.

Lo struzzo era tradizionalmente considerato un esempio di determinazione, tenacia e operosità (Picinelli, Mondo simbolico, pp. 139-140) e il motto sottolinea ulteriormente tali caratteristiche. A volte è raffigurato privo del cartiglio e può avere stretto nel becco un ferro o un chiodo, esprimendo così visivamente il significato sotteso al motto.

È ampiamente rappresentato sia nei codici sia nelle decorazioni del Palazzo Ducale (ad esempio nello Studiolo, per cui cfr. Cheles, Lo Studiolo di Urbino, pp. 71, 72, 75, 91; Raggio, Lo Studiolo, p. 118 fig. 5-65, p. 120 fig. 5-74; Wilmering, Le tarsie, p. 117 fig. 2-80).

Urb. lat. 1, f. 179r - Urb. lat. 2, f. 283r 

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Urb. lat. 10, f. 10r - Urb. lat. 324, f. 87r 

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Urb. lat. 74, f. 1r - Urb. lat. 365, f. 49v 

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